To achieve a better green home, prioritize thorough planning to save time and money during construction. Address the following aspects early in the design process:
- Opt for a smaller, more efficient home instead of a large one, maximizing space utilization.
- Incorporate multipurpose spaces, such as a home office that can double as a guest room, to make the most of available space.
To save on construction costs and reduce environmental impact:
- Consider a multistory home instead of a sprawling one-story design, as vertical expansion is often more cost-effective and minimizes landscape disruption.
- Make the structure adaptable and choose materials and components that can be reused or recycled.
- Instead of building from scratch, explore the option of remodeling or adding an extension to your existing home, reallocating the saved funds towards sustainable investments like solar panels.
- Collaborate with professionals experienced in green building practices, including green financiers and contractors, to protect the environment and save money simultaneously.
Implement these green practices:
- Plan for easy recycling by incorporating provisions for storing recyclables, such as installing recycling bins in the kitchen and utilizing compostable food waste bins.
- Prioritize the use of healthy, low-toxic materials, selecting recycled and sustainably harvested products.
- Minimize waste and streamline installation by designing around standard sizes, such as aligning bathroom dimensions with chosen tiles.
Focus on energy efficiency and renewable energy:
- Incorporate high levels of insulation, high-performance windows, and tight construction for an energy-efficient building.
- Design buildings to harness renewable energy, considering solar water heating, photovoltaics, or designing the roof for future solar panel installation.
- Leverage natural sunlight through daylighting techniques to reduce energy consumption.
Maximize water sustainability:
- Install a graywater system to reuse soapy water from bathing, dishwashing, or clothes washing for flushing toilets or irrigating the garden.
- Utilize rainwater by collecting it from the roof for toilet flushing or lawn watering.
- Design water-efficient and low-maintenance landscaping, favoring native and natural options over resource-intensive lawns.
Ensure a healthy living environment:
- Mitigate potential health hazards like radon, mold, and pesticides by incorporating design features that reduce their risk.
- Use insect-resistant detailing to minimize the need for pesticides.
Now, let's focus on specific rooms and their green design aspects:
The Kitchen:
- Prioritize good ventilation by utilizing windows, skylights, and Energy Star-rated exhaust fans to effectively remove cooking vapors and odors.
- Optimize natural sunlight by positioning work and food-preparation areas near windows and skylights, reducing the need for electric lighting.
- Switch to energy-saving compact fluorescent bulbs for lighting.
- Invest in Energy Star-rated appliances for long-term energy and cost savings.
- Replace outdated plumbing fixtures with low-flow alternatives to conserve water.
- Consider options like foot-pedal controls for reducing water usage.
Bathrooms:
- Choose natural linoleum flooring instead of vinyl for a healthier and eco-friendly option.
- Select cabinets and countertops made from sustainable materials such as bamboo, Forest Stewardship Council-certified wood, recycled glass, salvaged stone, or paper resin.
- Use eco-friendly wall tiles sourced from recycled glass and ceramics.
- Opt for low- or zero-VOC paints and ensure proper ventilation to maintain good indoor air quality.
- Replace old toilets with dual-flush models or consider composting (waterless) toilets for the most environmentally friendly choice.
- Use nontoxic cleaning products, soaps, and lotions to protect your family's health and prevent water pollution.
Bedrooms:
- Use formaldehyde-free insulation to insulate the walls and block unwanted noise.
- Lower the thermostat and use an extra blanket instead, or use a timed, programmable thermostat to warm up the room before waking up.
- Opt for mattresses and linens made of natural materials.
- Choose non-vinyl carpeting and low- or zero-VOC paints to improve sleep quality.
- Keep the electric clock away from your head to avoid disturbance from electromagnetic fields.
Remodeling for a green home:
- Remodeling your existing home is an environmentally friendly choice compared to building a new one.
- A well-planned renovation project can transform your current house into a green dream home.
- Consider adding insulation, energy-efficient windows, and water-saving fixtures if your home is older.
- Green remodeling can help save money on utility bills.
Planning your remodel:
- Before starting, consider which green remodeling projects are a priority for your home.
- Planning is essential to avoid added costs in terms of time and money.
Examples of green remodeling projects:
- Removing moldy carpet to prevent respiratory problems and fixing water leaks.
- Installing dual-flush toilets to save water and reduce sewer loads.
- Figuring out the payback period for investments, such as installing solar panels or efficient windows.
- Energy-efficient windows help save money on heating and air conditioning by reducing energy loss.
Install energy-efficient appliances to save money on energy bills, including over $400 per year on heating bills with high-efficiency options like Energy Star appliances.
Insulate your water heater to increase efficiency and save $156 on water heating over a typical four-year lifespan.
Install low-flow showerheads and faucet aerators to reduce water consumption and energy costs by up to 50%, saving around $100 per year.
Choose nontoxic paints, such as low-VOC and zero-VOC options, which are durable, cost-effective, and less harmful to people and the environment.
Install a programmable thermostat with a timer to save 5% to 15% per year on energy bills by automatically adjusting temperature settings.
Test your home for radon, a harmful gas that can increase the risk of lung cancer, using low-cost, do-it-yourself radon test kits.
Insulate your roof to reduce heat loss and save 13% per year on heating bills.
Install solar panels on your roof to save money on energy bills, generate pollution-free electricity, and achieve a payback period of four to seven years.
Switch to a solar water heater to save 50% to 85% per year on energy bills while using an environmentally sustainable system.
Install sun tunnels to bring natural light into dark areas of your home, reducing the need for artificial lighting and saving on electricity costs.
Consider a whole-house fan to save up to 30% on air-conditioning costs and improve attic ventilation.
When making green building or remodeling choices, prioritize natural and nontoxic products, those with low embodied energy, sustainably harvested materials, recyclable or biodegradable options, products with recycled content, locally harvested materials, and durable products that require minimal maintenance. Evaluate each decision based on its specific project requirements.
Green Building and Remodeling Priorities:
- Natural, nontoxic: Healthy, nonsynthetic, and grown products.
- Low embodied energy: Easy to gather and nonpolluting products.
- Sustainably harvested: Products gathered without destroying the source.
- Recyclable/biodegradable: Products that can be reused or returned to the earth.
- Recycled content: Products with a high percentage of reused materials.
- Locally harvested: Products sourced within 500 miles.
- Durable: Long-lasting products that require minimal maintenance.
Choosing Green Materials for Remodeling an Old Home:
Remodeling older homes presents challenges due to their unique characteristics. However, remodeling can save materials compared to building new. Consider the following issues:
- Salvaging the wood: Old-growth wood can be salvaged and reused but consult an architect or structural engineer before using it for structural purposes.
- Asbestos awareness: Older homes may contain asbestos, which should be handled by licensed asbestos abatement contractors.
- Lead paint precautions: Lead-based paints, commonly used in the past, require caution. Keep old paint intact unless confirmed lead-free. Consult licensed professionals for lead-abatement.
- Finding Green Materials: Resources for green materials include the American Institute of Architects (AIA), BuildingGreen.com, GreenHomeGuide, manufacturer sales reps, U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), local showrooms, and city offices with environmental departments.
Identifying the Right Professionals for Your Home Project:
Building or remodeling a home requires a team of professionals. Consider the following factors:
- Architect: Seek an architect familiar with green building through local AIA chapters.
- Contractor: Look for contractors experienced in green construction practices.
- Structural engineer: Consult an engineer for structural considerations.
- Paint contractor: Licensed paint contractors can assist with lead-based paint issues.
- Lead-abatement specialist: Hire professionals specialized in lead-based paint removal.
- Local showrooms and distributors: Visit showrooms offering green materials and consult manufacturers for local distributors.
- City offices and waste-management authorities: Contact local environmental departments for resources and showrooms.
Remember that home projects involve significant investments, and choosing the right professionals is crucial. Be thorough in your selection process and consider the recommendations provided.
When undertaking a home building or remodeling project, assembling a skilled team is crucial for success, regardless of whether it's a green project or not. It's best to collaborate with individuals who possess relevant expertise, having previously worked on similar-sized projects with comparable budgets and scopes.
To ensure you find the right people, prioritize those who are knowledgeable, reputable, and passionate about green building. Take the time to ask questions and conduct thorough research before making your selection.
Real estate agents play a vital role in the process of building or purchasing a new home. They are adept at contract negotiations and can provide valuable information about the neighborhood's features. Consider working with a Certified EcoBroker from the Certified EcoBroker program, which helps agents specialize in serving green-minded buyers. Visit their website or inquire with your agent about their certification status.
When it comes to financing your project, mortgage brokers are instrumental. Your mortgage will likely be the most significant financial commitment, and it's crucial to explore various mortgage and construction loan options based on your income, credit rating, and post-project property value. Lenders may have input on the project's size and may suggest traditional construction methods instead of green alternatives. Your broker can assist in negotiating favorable terms with different lenders. Green financing options have emerged, highlighting the reduced operating costs of green buildings, enabling homeowners to afford larger mortgages. Consult with your broker for details on new mortgage programs available in your area. One such program is the Energy Efficient Mortgage (EEM) program developed by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) for Fannie Mae, aimed at promoting the purchase of greener homes. However, note that the maximum mortgage available through the federal EEM may be limited and visit HUD's website for more information.
An architect is essential whether you're renovating or constructing a new home. They play a crucial role in designing the house and managing the contractor selection process. Architects are licensed professionals who handle legal and safety considerations related to construction. In most states, you'll need an architect to prepare drawings for any structural changes requiring a building permit. Even for minor projects, an architect can provide valuable assistance, such as guidance on painting, window replacements, and appliance upgrades.
Engage an architect early in the project to evaluate locations, define goals, and create initial schedules. Seek referrals from friends and family to find a compatible architect who can deliver a design you'll love. If you can't find a local green architect, consider reaching out to architects from other regions who may be willing to work on projects remotely.
Numerous online directories can help you find green architects, such as GreenHomeGuide, Green Building Blocks, and Vivavi's Modern Green Living Home Directory. When meeting with potential architects, assess their compatibility by observing their office for green building materials and asking relevant questions about their experience and portfolio. Inquire about their green building training, continuing education programs, and examples of green materials they use. Request a list of standard green building measures they incorporate into their projects and inquire about which features they would recommend for your specific project. It's essential to obtain contact information from past clients and follow up with them to learn more about their experiences.
During the meeting, the architect will evaluate your goals, concerns, and budget for the project. Prepare your ideas on these aspects beforehand. Keep in mind that hiring a design professional is a worthwhile investment, saving you time, streamlining the permitting process, and preventing costly construction mistakes. Architects typically charge a fee ranging from 7% to 18% of the construction cost, so factor this into your budget.
A capable architect will prove invaluable throughout the design and construction process, ensuring a successful outcome for your project while minimizing complications and overseeing the contractor's work.
Contractors are responsible for building homes based on architectural drawings. It's crucial to choose a competent, honest, hardworking, and financially responsible licensed contractor to mitigate risks. Seek referrals from your architect, friends, and family, and check out online directories like GreenHomeGuide.com for listings and client reviews.
When meeting potential contractors, ask about their green building features, their approach to handling specific issues, their goals for the project, and their concerns and challenges. Inquire about their past experience with similar projects and assess if your construction budget is feasible. If a contractor discourages your green goals, consider finding someone else.
When gathering bids, the quotes should generally be within 20 percent of one another. If there's a significant discrepancy, clarify misunderstandings or omissions in the project.
Certification programs for builders exist to showcase their commitment to green building and provide recognized standards. Check with your local building department for certified green builder programs available in your area.
Interior designers play a crucial role in enhancing projects. Look for designers who specialize in green building and can incorporate low-toxic finishes, sustainable furnishings, and natural fabrics. Use magazine photos to convey your preferences to the designer and ensure they align with your green goals.
For large yards or properties, landscape architects can transform outdoor spaces into beautiful and functional areas. Seek architects specializing in sustainable landscaping, utilizing native plants that contribute to the environment. They can design shading structures, planter beds, and decks to enhance your outdoor experience.
Mechanical engineers may be necessary for large homes to design heating and cooling systems. They are skilled in passive solar design, harnessing the sun's energy for temperature regulation. Consult with your architect and contractor to determine if a mechanical engineer is required and where to find one. Communicate your energy-efficiency goals to guide their system selection.
Green building consultants are valuable when your architect and contractor lack green building expertise. They can evaluate your plans, provide recommendations for improved energy efficiency and health, source materials, offer design advice, and perform energy analyses. Fees for these consultants vary, so be clear about your requirements.
Various sources can help you find green professionals. Numerous local green business programs and directories have emerged to meet the growing consumer demand for green building. Research and select trustworthy sources based on your location, such as certified green business programs coordinated by associations or online platforms like EnviroStars. Participation in these programs is voluntary and free.
Resources:
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